A volcano erupts when a vent opens up through the Earth’s crust. The vent will reach down to a chamber of molten (melted) rock beneath the ground. The molten rock is forced up the vent and flows out of the top.
Albie Brown & Toby Smith
Amazingly lemon juice is a great way to write a secret message. Lemon juice is an organic substance that oxidizes and turns brown when heated. Diluting the lemon juice in water makes it very hard to notice when you apply it the paper, no one will be aware of its presence until it is heated. Other substances, which work in the same way, include: orange juice, honey, milk, onion juice, vinegar and wine.
Sophie Hann
The Earth’s longest mountain chain is an undersea ridge that runs down the centre of the Atlantic for 11,000km. It is called the Mid Atlantic Ridge.
Nathan Owsley
Did you know that Leonardo Da Vinci was a fantastic inventor? The parachute and ornithopter were only two of the flying machines concocted by da Vinci in his notebooks. Other ideas included a glider and his helicopter-like aerial screw.
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